Define criterion-referenced assessment.

Criterion-referenced assessment is defined as an evaluation method that measures an individual's performance against predetermined criteria or standards rather than comparing it to the performance of peers. This approach is focused on whether the individual meets specific benchmarks or learning objectives, making it highly relevant for assessing skills, competencies, or knowledge in a clear and objective manner.

For example, in a physical education context, a criterion-referenced assessment may evaluate students on their ability to achieve a specific level of performance in activities, such as running a mile within a set time or completing a certain number of push-ups. The distinction lies in the emphasis on achieving particular goals that are defined in advance, which allows for a more tailored assessment of abilities and progress.

This method contrasts with norm-referenced assessments, which gauge performance relative to others and can sometimes obscure individual achievements instead of highlighting them. Similarly, standardized tests and self-evaluation approaches can fail to provide the clear benchmarks that criterion-referenced assessments aim to establish.