What is considered the gold standard method for measuring heart rate?

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is recognized as the gold standard method for measuring heart rate due to its accuracy and detailed representation of the heart's electrical activity. An ECG provides a comprehensive view of the heart's rhythm, captures the electrical signals that trigger each heartbeat, and allows for precise measurement of the intervals between beats. This makes it not only effective in determining heart rate but also in identifying arrhythmias and other cardiac conditions.

While heart rate monitors, stethoscopes, and palpitation techniques can all measure heart rate, they do not offer the same level of precision and diagnostic capability as an ECG. Heart rate monitors may rely on optical sensors or chest straps, which can be subject to inaccuracies under certain conditions. Stethoscopes allow manual auscultation of heartbeats but depend on the practitioner's skill and can be affected by ambient noise. Palpitation involves feeling the pulse at various points on the body, which, while practical, can also lack the accuracy and consistency of an ECG.